mindmap root((激活突袭交<br>战预防逆转)) reverse may imply change in order, side, direction, or meaning: ~d his position on the arms agreement. transpose implies a change in order or relative position of units often through exchange of position: anagrams are formed by ~ing the letters of a word or phrase. invert applies to a change from one side to another by a turning upside down or inside out: a typo consisting of a whole line of ~ed type. prevent implies the taking of advance measures against something possible or probable: measures taken to ~ an epidemic. anticipate may imply a getting ahead of another by being a precursor or forerunner or the checking of another's intention by acting first: ~d the firing so she decided to quit first. forestall implies a getting ahead so as to stop or interrupt something in course or to render something ineffective or harmless: a government order that effectively ~ed a free election. battle describes general and prolonged combat or can imply a major extended struggle or controversy: fighting a losing ~ for basic civility. engagement stresses actual combat between forces and may apply to a major battle OR a minor skirmish; in extended uses it tends to replace the suggestion of hostility with one of interaction: sought to create an ~ between students and teachers. action stresses the active give-and-take of offensive and defensive efforts or of attaining an end or resisting a pressure: sounded the call to ~ on behalf of environmentalists. surprise in technical military use may imply strategic planning and secrecy in operations intended to catch an enemy unawares: ~d an enemy camp; but general use is more likely to suggest a chance catching unawares: police ~d a burglar leaving the house. waylay commonly implies a lying in wait along a public way, often in concealment: highwaymen who ~ied all travellers; but sometimes it merely implies an intercepting and detaining: a teacher ~ied by questioning students. ambush tends to evoke the image of would-be attackers concealed in a thicket and is often used with reference to guerrilla warfare: he had been ~ed by rebel forces; but is equally applicable to other situations where the primary image is pertinent: ~ed by joy. vitalize may stress the arousal of something more or less inert or lifeless, often by communicating an impetus or force: took steps to ~ the local economy; or an imparting of significance or interest to something: a set of images that ~ the story. energize implies an arousing to activity or a readying for activity by an imparting of strength or a providing with a source of energy: a speech that ~d the sales force for what lay ahead. activate implies a passing from an inactive to an active state and stresses the influence of an external agent in arousing to activity: a switch in the office ~s all the outdoor lights.